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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Walter Isard</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p><b>Walter Isard</b> (* <a href="19._April" title="19. April">19. April</a> <a href="1919" title="1919">1919</a> in <a href="Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>; † <a href="6._November" title="6. November">6. November</a> <a href="2010" title="2010">2010</a> in Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) war ein <a href="Vereinigte_Staaten" title="Vereinigte Staaten">US-amerikanischer</a> <a href="Wirtschaftswissenschaftler" title="Wirtschaftswissenschaftler">Wirtschaftswissenschaftler</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leben_und_Wirken">Leben und Wirken</h2></div>
<p>Isard war Professor für Ökonomie und <a href="Regionalwissenschaft" title="Regionalwissenschaft">Regionalwissenschaften</a> an der <i><a href="University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a></i> und am <i><a href="Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> College for Arts & Sciences</i>. Er ist auch für seinen rastlosen Einsatz für den Frieden bekannt. Isard gründete in den frühen 1960er Jahren die <i>Peace Research Society</i> (die später in <a href="Peace_Science_Society_(International)" title="Peace Science Society (International)">Peace Science Society (International)</a> umbenannt wurde), um die Analyse internationaler Konflikte auf wissenschaftliche Beine zu stellen, und veröffentlichte das <i>Journal of Peace Science</i>.
</p><p>Außerdem gründete er die <i>Regional Science Association</i> (seit 1990 <i><a href="Regional_Science_Association_International" title="Regional Science Association International">Regional Science Association International</a></i>) mit inzwischen 4000 Mitgliedern in 30 Ländern. Er wurde 1975 in die <a href="American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> und 1985 in die <a href="National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> aufgenommen. Die <a href="Wirtschaftsuniversit%C3%A4t_Posen" class="mw-redirect" title="Wirtschaftsuniversität Posen">Wirtschaftsakademie Posen</a> (1976), die <a href="Erasmus-Universit%C3%A4t_Rotterdam" title="Erasmus-Universität Rotterdam">Erasmus-Universität Rotterdam</a> (1978), die <a href="Karlsruher_Institut_f%C3%BCr_Technologie" title="Karlsruher Institut für Technologie">Universität Karlsruhe</a> (1979), die <a href="Universit%C3%A4t_Ume%C3%A5" title="Universität Umeå">Universität Umeå</a> (1980), die <a href="University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign</a> (1982), die <a href="Binghamton_University" title="Binghamton University">Binghamton University</a> (1997) und die <a href="Universit%C3%A4t_Genf" title="Universität Genf">Universität Genf</a> (2002) verliehen ihm die Ehrendoktorwürde.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In seine Weiterentwicklung von <a href="Alfred_Weber" title="Alfred Weber">Alfred Webers</a> <a href="Standorttheorien" class="mw-redirect" title="Standorttheorien">Standorttheorie</a> führte Isard das Substitutionsprinzip von <a href="Andreas_Pred%C3%B6hl" title="Andreas Predöhl">Andreas Predöhl</a> ein.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schriften_(Auswahl)"><span id="Schriften_.28Auswahl.29"></span>Schriften (Auswahl)</h2></div>
<dl><dt>Aufsätze</dt></dl>
<ul><li><i>Some concepts for the analysis of spatial organization, Part I</i>. In: <i>Papers in Regional Science</i>, Bd. 11 (1963), S. 15–40, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220486-2902%22&key=cql">0486-2902</a></span></span></li>
<li><i>On the natural transport rate and some parallels from physics</i>. In: <i>Papers on the Regional Science Association</i>, Bd. 32 (1974), Heft 1, S. 94–100, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220486-2902%22&key=cql">0486-2902</a></span></span></li>
<li><i>Reflections on the Relevance of Integrated Multi-Region Models. Lessons from Physics</i>. In: <i>Regional Science and Urban Economics</i>, Bd. 16 (1986), Heft 2, S. 165–180, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220166-0462%22&key=cql">0166-0462</a></span></span>.</li></ul>
<dl><dt>Monographien</dt></dl>
<ul><li><i>Understanding Conflict and the Science of Peace</i>. Blackwell, Cambridge 1992, ISBN 1-557-86311-3.</li>
<li><i>Arms Races, Arms Control and Conflict Analysis. Contributions from Peace Science and Peace Economics</i>. CUP, New York 1988, ISBN 0-521-36297-0.</li>
<li><i>Conflict Analysis and Practical Conflict Management Procedures. An introduction to peace science</i>. Ballinger Books, Cambridge, Mass. 1982, ISBN 0-88410-899-6.</li>
<li><i>Spatial Dynamics and Optimal Space-Time Development</i> (Studies in regional science and urban economics; Bd. 4). North-Holland, New York 1979, ISBN 0-444-00273-1.</li>
<li><i>New frontiers in regional science</i>. University Press, New York 1990, ISBN 0-8147-1437-4.</li></ul>
<dl><dt>Werkausgabe</dt></dl>
<ul><li>Christine Smith (Hrsg.): <i>Selected papers of Walter Isard</i>. Macmillan, Basingstoke 1990, ISBN 0-333-51378-9 (2 Bde.)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>David E. Boyce, Ronald E. Miller: <i>In memoria, Walter Isard</i>. In: <i>Journal of regional science</i>, Bd. 51 (2011), Heft 1, S. 1–4, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220022-4146%22&key=cql">0022-4146</a></span></span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Walter Grimes: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/11/business/economy/11isard.html?_r=2&src=twrhp">Walter Isard, Economist Who Studied How Regions Evolve, Dies at 91</a></i>. In: <i><a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> vom 10. November 2010.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Boyce: <cite style="font-style:italic">A short history of the field of regional science</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Papers in Regional Science</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>83</span>, 2004, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>54</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10110-003-0176-9">10.1007/s10110-003-0176-9</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Walter+Isard&rft.atitle=A+short+history+of+the+field+of+regional+science&rft.au=David+Boyce&rft.btitle=Papers+in+Regional+Science&rft.date=2004&rft.doi=10.1007%2Fs10110-003-0176-9&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=54&rft.volume=83" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&query=119008491">Literatur von und über Walter Isard</a> im Katalog der <a href="Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek" title="Deutsche Nationalbibliothek">Deutschen Nationalbibliothek</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arts.cornell.edu/econ/faculty/isard.html">Universitäre Internetseite Isards</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pss.la.psu.edu/">Peace Science Society</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.regionalscience.org/">Regional Science Association International</a></li></ul>
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Normdaten (Person): <a href="Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119008491">119008491</a></span> | <a href="Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50029383">n50029383</a></span> | <a href="Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/108166788/">108166788</a></span> | </div>
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